Across the Border: Kings Cross: Art and Culture: Mum's In

Fancy a Devonshire (Street) Wake? Bit of Blood on the Strand (Hotel)? Or do you want to share some Darlinghurst Push?

I didn't partake of any of these excellent-sounding vodka cocktails, but they're on the exclusive menu at the Kings Cross Hotel's Bordello Theatre, where the cult theatre show, Mum's In, is playing on Sundays at 5pm.

You may recall I saw Mum's In, and wrote about it, when it premiered at Heffron Hall back in June 2011. And still, two years later, actor Vashti Hughes' amazing one-woman show set during the 'Razorhurst' years is running. 

But this time, it's in its rightful home, a pub. And only for another two weeks!

I had been planning on going to see the show again, which has developed since I saw it last, and when Vashti offered me a couple of tickets for free, I put on my best 30s frock, met my dear friend Milly Fisher and we slunk on down to the pub on a Sunday.

Mum's In is a drinking show. That means you can order drinks from the roaming barmaid while the performance takes place, or even step up and order at the bar (but do it discreetly!). 

Drinking during the show is appropriate, too, considering it's focused on that period in Sydney's history when Darlinghurst and surrounding suburbs were home to many illegal grog dens where people could buy under-the-counter alcohol after the pubs had closed at 6pm.

It's hard to imagine pubs closing at 6pm, but Vashti Hughes brings to life the era and the characters that dominated the illegal booze scene, such as Tilly Devine, Kate Leigh and gangster Guido Calletti (whose wake the show is based around).

The Kings Cross Hotel is a great venue and the producers of Mum's In have made clever use of the space. We take the lift straight up to the level five rooftop and are met by a dubious-looking character, Slim Jim, who asks for the secret password and then draws an L on the palm of our hands, allowing us entry to the show.

Milly's red talons nicely matched the L and a quick glass of plonk before the show was a good match, too, for the fabulous view (of the 311 bus). 

We loved the rooftop so much, we returned during the intermission.

Slim Jim rings an old brass bell and we troop downstairs and take a seat in the intimate Bordello Theatre, which is all red velvet curtains, gilt mirrors and shadows. 

Vashti literally jumps, slithers and flits between five characters: Tilly and Kate, swaggering Italian Guido, as well as Frank Green - a lethal gunman - and Nellie Cameron, a North Shore schoolgirl who ran away to Kings Cross to become a prostitute (as you do). 

All the character's featured in Larry Writer's 2001 true-crime history book, Razor, which is required reading for all residents of the 2010 and 2011 postcodes. 

And this show really should be seen by anyone who has a fleeting interest in the deadly and debaucherous days of 1920s and 30s Darlinghurst when the streets were ruled by thugs with deadly razor weapons.  

If you haven't seen it yet, make sure you get tickets as there are only two shows left before the season ends!

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Mum's In

The Bordello Theatre, Level 4, Kings Cross Hotel

Last shows: 5pm, Sunday 3 February and Sunday 10 February 2013

Written and performed by Vashti Hughes

Directed by James Winter

Music by Ross Johnston

Graphic design by Righteye Creative

Publicity by Emma Jones

www.mumsin.com.au

Darlinghurst Blog: Reader Story: Sussan's Family Search

Bayswater Road, Kings Cross, 1929 - From the City of Sydney Archives

My Darling Darlinghurst reader, Sussan, wrote this story in the hope that any readers might help her learn more about the circumstances surrounding her mother's birth and adoption. If you have any clues, please email me: violettingle@gmail.com

''Was the Kings Cross Hotel in William St a boarding house in 1924? Does anyone recognise any of the people in this story?,'' Sussan writes.

"I am really after any leads that may help in trying to find out who my mum’s real father might be."

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It was the roaring twenties in Darlinghurst: the Kings Cross Hotel, William Street, September, 1924, to be exact. My mum first entered the world in one of the rented rooms there.

She was born to a young, single, 22-year-old, named Elizabeth Florence Hainer, also known as Flory, I’m told.

In the year she gave birth, Elizabeth was living at the hotel with her mother, Alice Maud Hainer and her younger sister, Rose Lily Hainer.

The sisters were born in Forbes, in central west NSW, where their parents, Alice (nee Halliday) and Jacob William Hainer, had married in 1900.

Jacob was 37 at the time and his new bride just 17. The couple also had two sons: George Frederick (born 1907) and Thomas Joseph (born 1909).

It appears from family stories that Alice and Jacob separated prior to 1924 (Jacob died in Granville in 1940). This is possibly why the three Hainer females lived by themselves in the Kings Cross Hotel at the time my mum was born. There are no records of George or Thomas being there.

Elizabeth’s new daughter - my mother - was given the name Eunice Joan Hainer and we believe she was adopted out shortly after her birth.

Alice and her two daughters appear to have stayed on at the hotel for some time after mum’s birth.

However in 1926, Elizabeth, then 23, married John Guthrie, a 37-year-old tram conductor who lived at 28 Edgeware Road, Enmore.

They married at the Sacred Heart Church, in Darlinghurst, and Elizabeth’s “usual residence” was listed as the Kings Cross Hotel on their marriage certificate.

In 1930, six years after my mother was born, the electoral roll shows that Alice and Rose still lived at the hotel.

But by 1936, the electoral roll for “East Sydney Darlinghurst” shows that Alice, son George, daughters Rose and Elizabeth and her husband, John, were now living at 191 Brougham Street (below), just a couple of streets away from the hotel.

Alice remained in the Darlinghurst area until her death in 1952.

Rose married in 1941 and moved with her new husband to Annandale. She died in 1971 at Newtown, in Sydney's inner-west.

So the years moved by since my mother was adopted out by Elizabeth in 1924, but in 1948 unimaginable tragedy was about to hit her real family.

Based on the electoral rolls it appears that Elizabeth and John Guthrie separated sometime prior to 1943. During this year he was living in Wollongong, south of Sydney, while Elizabeth was in an apartment at 138 Brougham Street (below) with the couple’s three sons (Kevin, Colin and Christopher; my mother, who she adopted out, was her only daughter).

On September 14, 1948, newspapers across the country reported the tragic death of Elizabeth’s husband, John, who was crossing the railways tracks at Wollongong on his 50th birthday when he was hit by a train.

But the year of 1948 became even worse. 

A mere three months after John's horrible death another tragedy occurred.

Elizabeth was back living at 191 Brougham St, with her mother Alice, brother Thomas, his wife Edith and her children.

Elizabeth returned home from work one day and heard someone being violently ill in one of the bedrooms. She rushed to the room and found her 19-year-old son Kevin sitting on the bed in a very bad way. On the dressing table was a soup bowl and a tablespoon that contained Weedicide.

“Why did you take this Kevin?” Elizabeth asked.

He replied: “I am sorry mum, I don’t want to live."

Kevin was taken to St Vincent’s Hospital, but died a short time later. 

He had been suffering from depression since his father’s death, according to the coroner’s report.

One wonders how Elizabeth went on, but she probably did so for the sake of her remaining two boys. She lived until 1971 and died in Liverpool Hospital age 69.

As for my mum, Eunice Joan Hainer (above), she had been adopted by an older couple, Henry William Hines and his second wife Edith (nee Robinson), who had married in 1915.

By the time they adopted my mum they had been married for nine years and Edith was 53 and Henry, 57. Henry had been previously married and four of his eight children had survived to become adults.

They were very old to be adopting a new baby, which is why I sometimes wonder if they were related to the child. My mother was given the new name of Lois Edith Hines.

In 1937, when Lois was just 12, Edith died from a bad heart, and my mother and her adopted father moved into her step-sister’s house at Hurlstone Park, in Sydney's inner-west.

My mum: Eunice Joan Hainer/Lois Edith Hines

In 1941, when mum was 17, her biological mother, Elizabeth, approached her at the knitting mills where she worked.

Elizabeth gave Lois her contact details but my mother became hysterical as she didn’t know she was adopted. She ran home distressed and her family finally told her the truth.

I wonder how Elizabeth found her after 17 years – did she know who her child had been given to?

By that time Lois’s adoptive father, Henry, was suffering from dementia and died on Christmas Day, 1944, in a psychiatric hospital at Rydalmere, in Sydney's northwest.

Mum was only 20 at the time and continued to live at Hurlstone Park with her much older step-sister and her family.

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At the end of 2006 I started my search for the truth of mum’s real beginnings and uncovered most of what has been told here with my cousin’s help.

Our breakthrough was getting her birth certificate and by chance it confirmed that the child Eunice Joan Hainer had become Lois Edith Hines. No father was listed on her birth certificate.

With these new leads we searched high and low for any remaining family members and through the Ryerson Index  - a database of funeral notices – we found her sole surviving half-brother, Colin. He died in 2006, which was such a shame as mum died in 2007.

Mum (1924 - 2007)

We also found other distant relatives, through ancestry searches, who helped put some of the missing pieces together for us, however, many of them didn’t even know that my mum existed.

I wrote to the funeral home that had conducted Colin’s funeral and they kindly agreed to pass on my contact details to his last known address. Colin’s daughter’s contacted me just before Christmas, 2010, and to my astonishment, said she knew about mum and that Colin had actually met her.

My cousin and I were in total shock.

Apparently, some time in the 1970’s a policeman friend of Colin’s helped track mum down. They found out where we lived and even drove past our home in Fairfield, in Sydney's west, a few times.

On one of these occasions mum was going out the gate and Colin followed her. He had one of his daughters in the car with him as they followed mum to a shop.

Inside the shop, Colin watched mum purchase a little gold vase and when she wasn’t looking he also grabbed one and bought it as well.

He then got mum into a conversation, small talk I think, and offered her a lift home, just down the street. Things were different in those days so mum accepted - he did have his teenage daughter with him at the time.

However, during this encounter, Colin never revealed to mum that he was her half-brother.

This was apparently because mum had reacted so badly that day in 1941 when Elizabeth had approached her.

She was only 17 then and had either not kept, or had lost, her real mother’s contact details in the confusion of that day.

As the years went by and mum’s real family never heard from her, they presumed she wanted nothing to do with them.

Such a shame as mum was a widow from 1977. She was left with two children to raise, my brother, 13, and me, 10.

For many years we struggled, and to think her one surviving brother was so close and yet they never reunited properly is so tragic.

Colin kept the same little gold vase that he and mum had bought separately on that day in the shop. Apparently it was a prized possession until his death in 2006.

Across the Border: Kings Cross: Bars: Kings Cross Hotel

I used to walk straight by the Kings Cross Hotel without giving the pub a second glance. But now I linger and stare and spy and it's safe to say I have a massive crush on this building because for once it has been given a makeover that befits its grand presence on the streetscape of Kings Cross. Gone is the garishly ugly, suburban-club-style signage that appeared above its doors when it reopened following a $9 million overhaul in June 2008. Instead the only signage is the original grand lettering on the top of the building and rather than looking away, your eyes are drawn up by the plants that now decorate the hotel's numerous Juliet balconies. The building is alive again. When the hoardings came down and it reopened following this $20 million refurbishment, I couldn't wait to go inside . . .

The ground floor bar is just like a regular pub, with bar seating, club chairs and televisions mounted to the walls. It's cosy; not all that exciting, but is a vast improvement on its former stark style, which featured cold tiled floors and uncomfortable looking cafe-style seating.

But the first best part of the pub is the first floor: 

What could be more fabulous than spending the night drinking with the Coca-Cola sign for company. There's also ample opportunities for spying on people on the street. 

It's also a good place to eat as the kitchen is on the same floor. When I went with my friend on Saturday night I had a $12 steak and he had $16 nachos. The menu ranges in price from $8 for chips to $26 for an eye fillet with mash, spinach and pepper sauce. In between, there's about 16 other items including Tasmanian salmon with lemon mash, asparagus and tomato ($21) and a KX burger with chips ($16). On Tuesdays, Wednesdays and Thursdays, the kitchen also offers $12 specials, which includes Chili Mussels and Fries. 

On the second floor is the FBi Social space, which is one of the rare intimate live music venues in Sydney. Gigs are organised by the independent Redfern-based radio station, so the music is likely to be very good. The Chaser comedy team also held a show in the space a couple of weeks ago and I think they have another one coming up.

In a couple of weeks, the third floor of the Kings Cross Hotel - the one directly above FBi Social - will open with a 70s themed FBi Social spillover lounge:

The space is fitted out with comfy-looking sofas, which will apparently help to absorb the sound of the bands playing on the floor below, as the music will be piped into the lounge. 

That beautiful wooden box (above) is one of the building's original elevator carriages and is apparently going to be used as a photography studio, where FBi Social punters can have their portraits taken. 

So how do I know about all these grand plans and dreams? Because when I returned to the hotel on Tuesday to take some better pictures, one of the lovely hotel people offered to take me on a tour of the building. Oh, grand! 

So they have friendly staff, who are also locals, which is a good sign. 

The charming young man also took me up to the fourth floor of the Kings Cross Hotel where a new bar, Feted Glory, (or was it Faded Glory?) is scheduled to open in two months.

I had actually peeked at the space while snooping around the building on Saturday night, but this time I was introduced to the designer, Brian P, and artist, Andrea Davies (below) who was busy at work painting murals on the walls:

The room is all Baroque Bacchanalian with warm tones, gilt furnishings and Rubenesque nudes peering down from the walls. Perhaps they found some of their furniture at Royalty Prussia?

I am sure Feted/Faded Glory will be the scene of many debaucherous parties, so long as it attracts the right crowd.

The next floor up, is the Level Five Rooftop, and the only way to get there is by taking one of two lifts from the ground floor. Don't hesitate: visit the rooftop as soon as you can, just so you can see the bloody marvellous view during the day:

And at night (with 311 Bus):

The view also looks west to the city:

While at night, the rooftop is lit up with dozens of fairy colourful lights:

But by far my favourite treat of the guided tour was seeing what's inside the tower. Ever since it reopened, I have been obsessing about the corner tower. At night I could see lights on inside and I desperately wanted to have a look. And as much as I want to show you the pictures I have taken, I am worried about ruining the surprise and mystery. Think: Arabian Nights; VIP.
But I can't resist showing you the tower's view:

And I love the way the Horizon always juts into frame:

Before my Tuesday tour I had spent the entire morning researching the history of the Kings Cross Hotel, so there was an added thrill in being led through the space with all the colourful hotel stories still fresh in my mind. It almost gave me goosebumps. The hotel's history is rich but I had to trawl through dozens of historical newspaper archives on the excellent Trove website to discover just the smallest jewels of information to piece together its past. 

It all begins back in the late 1800s when the James's Victoria Hotel stood on the site:

There are very few references to this hotel period in the archives. The picture above was taken in February 1911, just prior to its demolition. The building is obviously in the Victorian style, but I can't find the exact decade it was built. Based on other historical records of the day, I suspect it was built sometime in the 1880s. The site was owned by Mr R James and family. On the 20th of June, 1892, Mrs James placed a wanted advertisement in the Sydney Morning Herald:

''A good general servant wanted at once, another kept, own family, only 1. Mrs James, Victoria Hotel, Kings Cross.''

The next mention of the James's Victoria Hotel was on Friday, March 6, 1914, when the Municipal Council of Sydney, who had resumed the land, published a notice in the Sydney Morning Herald inviting tenders for the lease of the site.

Under the 30-year lease conditions was a building covenant of 13,000 pounds, meaning potential lessees had to demolish the building and spend a minimum of this amount erecting a new hotel. 

The tender was won by Annie Mozzall (nee McCarter), from Kingsford, in Sydney's south, who had married her second husband, builder Thomas Richard Mozzall, in 1904. So technically the first licensee of the Kings Cross Hotel was a woman.

In May 1914, Ms Mozzall assigned all her rights under the agreement to Frederick James Kelly, who in turn gave the lease to Toohey's, who had agreed to then grant a sub-lease to Mr Kelly to be licensee of the new establishment.

Bizarrely, I can find no reference to exactly what year the Kings Cross Hotel was built and opened, but my guess is 1915-1916. I don't even think there is a date on the hotel's parapet. This photograph was taken in the 1930s:

The Federation Freestyle five-storey building was designed by Eric Ernest Lindsay Thompson, of Lindfield, in Sydney's north, and cost 13,500 Pounds to build. Thompson also designed the similar Macquarie Hotel on Wentworth Street on the edge of Surry Hills, colloquially known as The Mac Hotel. 

Archival architectural illustrations by Thompson show that alterations to the ground floor of the Kings Cross Hotel were approved by the council in August 1917, but it is unclear what exact changes were made.

That same year in November, licensee Mr Kelly and his wife Catherine, were sued by Walter Avery, of 454 Bourke Street, Surry Hills, for alleged negligence in the District Court. Avery wanted 100 pounds compensation after claiming the Kellys's ''so insecurely and improperly fixed a sign board on the hotel premises that it fell and struck the plaintiff who was passing by.'' 

Unfortunately the Sydney Morning Herald's court reporter failed to follow up the case and write about the judgement.

While Toohey's retained ownership of the site for 30 years, the sub-licence changed hands countless times during that period. For history's sake here is a list of licensees, based on details from the Metropolitan Licence Court:

Mostyn Molony  - unknown to May 1923

William Thompson - May 1923 to August 1925

Alfred Monmus - August 1925 to April 1927

Lena Jane Monmus (executrix of the late Alfred's will) - April 1927 to unknown

William Thompson - unknown to February 1933

Arthur Horsman - February 1933 to August 1933

Reginald Gordon Rickard - August 1933 to March 1936

Frederick Smith - March 1936 to unknown

Ethel May Tinker - unknown to September 1938

Martha Jane Doyle - September 1938 to unknown

John Elwyn Doyle - unknown to October 1939

Frank Fitzpatrick Johnson - October 1939 to unknown

John J Trouville - unknown to December 1940

Thomas Lawrence O'Toole - December 1940 to unknown

Yes, I admit, there is a lot of unknowns. Licensee Mostyn Molony took Toohey's to the High Court of Australia in April, 1932, trying to claim back a compensation fee he had paid to the Liquor Board, which he later felt he shouldn't have been liable for as sub-licensee. Again the final judgement in that case was not reported.  

In The Sydney Morning Herald's January 4 1933 edition, there appeared under the headline ''Theft of Mug'' the sad story of James Henry Hassard, aged 19, who was charged at the Central Police Court with stealing a beer mug, valued at ninepence, from the Kings Cross Hotel. 

When asked by the prosecutor Mr MacDougal SM, why on earth he did such a thing, Hassard replied: ''I was under the influence of liquor.''

Mr MacDougal SM responded with: ''You have no right to be at your age, it is like your impudence to say so. You ought to be smacked.''

Poor young, drunken Hassard was fined 1 Pound, 10 Shillings or three days imprisonment with hard labour. It is not known if he was also smacked for good measure.

Although the above photograph would suggest otherwise, by 1936 - the year before this picture was taken - traffic around Kings Cross was proving a problem and a danger for pedestrians. In October, 1936, Linda Prince of Potts Point, wrote a letter to the Sydney Morning Herald proposing the demolition of the Kings Cross Hotel as a way to ease traffic. The removal of the hotel, she claimed, ''would give an uninterrupted view for traffic coming from the city, would eliminate the two dangerous curves, and form almost a square at the section in Bayswater Road, instead of the bottle-neck now existing.''

While Ms Prince's frightening proposal was never taken up, it wasn't the last time the idea would emerge.

But until then Toohey's faced other problems. Toohey's lease was due to end on June 13, 1944 and in March of that year, the Finance Committee of the then City Council called for tenders for the new lease.

Toohey's had been paying 1500 Pounds a year plus rates, taxes and insurance and they again applied for a new lease, but an objection was raised in the Legislative Assembly about whether it was within the law for Toohey's to hold a liquor licence for more than one establishment. The lease was deferred for two years but in February 1946, the City Council accepted Toohey's tender to lease the hotel for another ten years at 181 Pounds, 10 Shillings a week - the highest tender on offer.

But again the lease hit difficulties when the Federal Government intervened, for the most remarkable of reasons:

''The Delegate to the Treasurer has informed the council that the proposed rent is too high and that a fair rent is 123 Pounds a week,'' the Sydney Morning Herald reported in September 1946.

''The present rate is 93 Pounds a week plus rates, taxes and insurance.

''Alderman Harding said that since calling for tenders the council had adopted the Kings Cross Traffic Circus Scheme, which would involve the demolition of the Kings Cross Hotel.''

So the demolition scheme was back on the agenda with the council's plans to create a circuit at the junction of William and Victoria streets to allow for a smoother flow of traffic.

The hotel was only saved by the wrecking ball because of money: the proposed circus would cost 492,150 Pounds, which was far too expensive for the council. And so the hotel remained.

I'm not sure what kind of life the hotel had during the 1950s to the 1980s. There are rumours it was once run as a classy bordello by a woman called Kitty Kelly, who was a friend of the famed dominatrix, Madame Lash.

At some point, probably during the heritage-green 1980s, it was painted in this particularly fast-dating shade. In the late 1980s, the hotel was owned by Steve Larkin's Rofalo company and operated under the moniker, Oz Rock Cafe. Dr Larkin sold the hotel to Lady Mary Fairfax's Amalgamated Hotels in 1992 for $3.3 million. 

I remember visiting the hotel soon after when there were nightclubs playing retro music operating on the upper levels. It was fairly run down by that stage and continued to be unloved for the next decade, failing to meet safety conditions, until it was purchased by Brian Perry's company, Repeller Nominees, in 2002 for $8.5 million. 

The hotel underwent a $4 million refurbishment to meet safety requirements the following year but it was becoming clear the building needed more than a cosmetic makeover, it needed major surgery.

Getting the development application approved through the City of Sydney council wasn't so easy however, and Nicholas Back Architects fought a three-year battle in the Land and Environment Court to gain approval for the glass frontage and other amendments, as well as the 24-hour, seven day a week trading hours. 

Interestingly the hotel is not listed on any heritage register, but a heritage impact statement tendered to the court did note its landmark status in Kings Cross and is architectural significance. 

In 2006 the hotel shut its doors and under the passionate direction of heritage-lover Perry, the building was brought back to life. Officially Perry dropped $9 million on the redevelopment, but I suspect it was much more. Nicholas Back Architects converted the back of the hotel into apartments and workers laboriously stripped the hotel facade of the green paint using an environmentally friendly soy-bean paste. The building was gutted and restored to its former glory. 

The only problem when it reopened in June 2008, was that there seemed to be no money left for clever marketing. And then, of course, there was that awful signage above the front doors as well as the unwelcoming, seemingly sterile foyer-style ground floor bar. 

I did a straw poll among my Kings Cross friends last week and none had been to the Kings Cross Hotel after it reopened in 2008 - despite the fact they are all enthusiastic drinkers and lovers of the neighbourhood. 

The hotel stayed open for about a year, until it was sold, in October 2009, to Top Ryde Nominees, a company owned by pub king, Bruce Solomon.

Solomon is a director of Solotel, a hospitality group that runs 18 drinking holes across Sydney, including the Darlo Bar, the Green Park, The Clock in Surry Hills, Newtown's Courthouse Hotel, The Golden Sheaf in Double Bay, The Paddington Inn and the Opera Bar.

So it seems the Solomon Group has more than enough experience and expertise to make the Kings Cross Hotel a success. I would just hope that they make sure to market the place to locals. A pub is nothing without locals. Perhaps they could introduce a badge for people in the 2010 and 2011 postcodes so that we can buy $3 schooners. The old, storm-damaged Bourbon did this, and they had a loyal following.

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ARCHIVE PICTURE SOURCES: Trove, City of Sydney Archives.

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Kings Cross Hotel

248 William Street

Kings Cross NSW 2011

02 9331 9900

http://www.kingscrosshotel.com.au/

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Hours:

Sunday to Thursday - midday to 3am

Friday to Saturday - midday to 6am

Darlinghurst: Heritage Items: 10-20 Oxford Square

10-20 Oxford Square

- Register of the National Estate, City of Sydney Council Heritage List

I mainly know this square as being the former home of Rogues nightclub, which was this dork, but very popular, dance-music venue that ran from sometime in the 1980s, until morphing in to the equally dork The Gaff nite-spot a few years ago.

I never knew this area - which fronts on to Oxford Street - was called Oxford Square until I discovered the Register of the National Estate list, and after digging around on the Heritage Branch website, I have learned a little more about this historic place.

The area was once part of Burton Street, but in 1887 it acquired the name Oxford Square.

The Victorian Free Classical-style building at 10-20 Oxford Square was owned by the Burdekin family - who were a major landholder in the area - and has the date, 1886, carved in to its parapet. Because this was the year prior to the establishment of Oxford Square, historians have concluded that the Burdekins were responsible for pushing for the area's name change - but they admit there is no documentary evidence to prove this.

I don't really mind so much who changed the name.

The property is also known as the SILF Company buildings - SILF being an acronym for the Sydney Investment Land and Finance company - although those same historians can't find any evidence that SILF ever resided at 10-20 Oxford Square.

Thomas Burdekin left London for Australia in 1828 to set up the local arm of the Burdekin and Hawley ironmongers and merchants. Business must have boomed, for in the ensuing years Mr Burdekin purchased vast tracts of real estate throughout NSW.

When he died in 1844, his fourth son, Sydney Burdekin, inherited the land at Oxford Square. Four years after the building at 10-20 was constructed, Sydney was appointed Lord Mayor of Sydney, a position he held for 16 months until April 1891.

When Sydney died eight years later, the property passed on to his wife, Catherine.

In 1906 the property was purchased by the City of Sydney Council as part of civic improvements and road-widening of Oxford Street.

Over the next 49 years the building remained in council hands until it was sold off in 1958.

Like many historic structures, the two-storey building suffered due to its use as a commercial building, the continual changing of ownership and the dozen or so building applications that naturally follow that change.
The building is presently home to The Gaff, Arum Hair Salon and a doctor's surgery. 

While the top floor of its facade is mostly intact, the ground-floor shopfronts have been modified haphazardly without any thought of the building as a whole. The Gaff's ghastly orange signage is a fine example of this ruin - I'm surprised business owners don't give more consideration to their signage and how it sits on a heritage building.

I have firm ideas about signage and believe the reason the beautiful 1913 Kings Cross Hotel, at 248 William Street, recently closed (less than two years after it was given a multi-million dollar refurbishment) was because of its tacky signage, which was at odds with its stunning heritage exterior.
As an aside, a company called Repeller Nominees purchased the Kings Cross Hotel in 2002 for $8.5 million and after spending a fortune on its re-fit, sold it in October last year for $12.55 million . . .  but more on that in another post.